Compiled by
Dr. James B. Nichols, University Veterinarian
Florida Atlantic University
30 May 2003
Mus musculus
Background
The laboratory mouse in the wild is known as the common mouse. Through introduction by man the common house mouse now frequents most of the world. The wild mouse was originally thought to be native to Asia, India, and western Europe. There are both commensal and wild forms of the house mouse. The commensal forms often move out from buildings into surrounding fields in the spring and summer and return to the shelter of the buildings in the fall. The common house mouse is light brown to black above and whitish below, often with a buffy wash and tail that is lighter below. Commensal forms of Mus musculus tend to have longer tails and to be darker than the wild forms. Commensal forms of the house mouse are active at any hour; the wild forms seem to be active mainly at night. The range of movement in a common house mouse is very limited; it may be an area of only 15 square meters. They are not afraid of water and swim well. Nests are often made of soft shredded material wherever suitable cover and food are present.
Commensal forms feed on any human food that is available and also on paste, glue, soap, and other household articles. They damage much more than they eat. They seem to survive on very little, hence the term "poor as a church mouse". In the wild they eat many kinds of vegetables such as seeds, fleshy roots, and leaves and stems; insects and some meats may be eaten when available. They will also store food at times. They breed throughout the year at least in the warm parts of the range, and may have five or more litters a year. Because of this high fecundity, wild populations become very high at times. Population increases occurred in 1926-1927 and in 1941-1942 in the central valley of California. A population of more than 82,000, per acre was estimated in the first of these ecological explosions. The mouse has worked the sparsely vegetated soil until it appeared to be recently cultivated. Millions of mice were warming around the area until the population trend was reversed. "Sing", "waltzing", and "shaker" genetic abnormalities are common in house mice. "Singing" mice are so called because a fait but audible uttering is emitted by house mice in their shelters and has been reported from various parts of the world. The waltzing or shaker mice are caused by a defect in the equilibrium system; they "waltz" or "shake" instead of moving about like normal mice. Common house mice cause food spoilage and damage to household articles and also transport the hosts of typhus, spotted fever, and possibly other human diseases. The albino strains of M. musculus are used extensively for laboratory work. The genetics of the house mouse have been more thoroughly studied than that of any other mammal.
Handling Techniques
In handling laboratory mice, there are several things that must be kept in
mind. You must be firm but gentle and always handle the animal in the same way.
A mouse is best handled by picking it up by the base of the tail, then gently
grasping a pinch of lose skin over the shoulder area between the thumb and
forefinger (Figure 1). The mouse
restrained in such a way can be easily manipulated. If the mice are excitable and moving around in the cage so that grasping the base of the tail is difficult, cup the hand over the top of the mouse and then grasp the tail gently at the base with a thumb and forefinger. Care must be taken not to attempt to grab the tail other than close to the base because this may result in slippage of the skin and subcutaneous tissue from the bone leading to necrosis, infection, and sloughing of the tail area where the skin has been pulled off.
See figures 2 and 3 for anatomy of sexes.
Male
Female
Experimental Uses
The mouse, although the smallest of the common laboratory animals, is in the greatest demand in terms of numbers as an experimental animal. Up to 80% of all animals used in laboratories are mice. The small size, rapid reproduction, and relatively high position on the evolutionary scale provide numerous characteristics useful in all areas of research. The mouse is used in a wide variety of studies including drug toxicity, microbiology, radiobiology, cancer research, behavior research, nutrition, and genetic studies.
Strains and Sources
There are more inbred strains of mice than any other mammalian species. These inbred strains offer the investigator a wide range of capabilities and are suitable for almost any research protocol. These inbred strains have, for the most part, been genetically defined to enable the investigator to select a model to fit his particular need with ease. A primary source of inbred laboratory mice in the United States is the Jackson Memorial Laboratory in Bar Harbor, Maine. The majority of inbred strains available are maintained at this laboratory and are available for investigator use. Other individual suppliers of laboratory mice may have many of the strains available. Care must be taken to investigate fully the supplier's reputation in the research field before utilization of these mice. It is recommended that once an individual supplier is selected and a study is initiated, the researcher should resist changing suppliers until the individual study is completed. Although several suppliers may offer the same genetic strain, the variability between one supplier and another can be great. It cannot be over emphasized that extreme care and caution must be taken when selecting a source and a strain of animals to be used for specific research protocol. The laboratory mouse is not specifically covered in the rules and regulations under the various public laws administered by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Therefore no specific permits or licenses are required to produce or handle these animals.
Husbandry
Mice should be kept in rooms with the temperature set at about 70F and humidity at 50%. Lights should not be too bright since most white mice are albinos and too much light hurts their eyes. They are diurnal which means they need about 12 hours of light and 12 hours of darkness each day. Their bedding should not be wood shaving since some wood emits toxic fumes to mice. They should have fresh mouse or rat food and water available at all times. Their bedding should be changed 2 or 3 times a week to prevent the buildup of urea.
Signs of Disease
Signs of disease in the mouse can be broken down into several groups:
Cutaneous Signs - "Barbering" is common vice among mice, particularly among adult breeding mice. The muzzle and other areas of the body are frequently "shaved" by cage mates. Other causes of hair loss or discoloration is generally due to disease. Swellings under the skin should be examined for cause: abscess, tumor, infection, etc. Biting and cage trauma are common causes of limb or tail injury.
Gastrointestinal Signs - Diarrhea in mice is generally caused by disease or diet. Pendulous abdomen can be caused by pregnancy or disease. Rectums occasionally prolapse.
Respiratory Signs - Nasal and ocular discharge and dyspnea are generally due to disease, including lymphocytic choriomeningitis.
Neuromuscular Signs - Trauma and disease can cause a variety of signs from head tilt to seizures to paralysis.
Other Signs - Weight loss can be from a variety of signs including dehydration, starvation, parasitism, disease, neoplasia and malocclusion. Stress from extreme temperatures and rapid changes of temperature, noises, trauma, etc. can cause death. Pesticides and detergents misuse-used can lead to death.
|
PHYSIOLOGICAL AND GENERAL DATA |
|
| This information is for informational purposes only. Contact your veterinarian for the latest information. | |
| COMMON NAME | MOUSE |
| ORDER | RODENTIA |
| FAMILY | MURIDAE |
| GENUS | MUS |
| SPECIES | MUSCULUS |
| TEMPERATURE IN C | 35.5-39.0 |
| TEMPERATURE IN F | 99.3 |
| RESPIRATORY B/M | 60-250 |
| RESPIRATORY MINUTE VOL. l/m | 0.011-.036 |
| RESPIRATORY TIDAL VOLUME m | 0.09-.23 |
| PaCO2 mmHg | 50 |
| PaO2 mmHg | |
| OXYGEN USE ML/G/HR | 1.63-2.17 |
| HEART RATE B/M | 325-780 |
| ARTERIAL BLOOD PRESSURE mm | 113-147/9 |
| ARTERIAL BLOOD pH | 7.4 |
| BLOOD CLOTTING TIME SEC. | 14 |
| BLOOD VOLUME ml/kg TOTAL | 76-80 |
| BLOOD VOLUME ml/kg EXSANGU | 35 |
| BLOOD VOLUME ml/kg 1 SAMPLE | 7 |
| BLOOD CALCIUM mg/100 | 3.2-8.5 |
| BLOOD PHOSPHORUS mg/100ml | 2.3-9.2 |
| BLOOD MAGNESIUM mg/100ml | 1.3 |
| BLOOD CHOLESTEROL mg/100ml | 26-82 |
| BLOOD SERUM PROTEIN gm/100m | 3.5-7.2 |
| BLOOD ALBUMIN gm/100ml | 2.5-4.8 |
| BLOOD GLOBULIN gm/100ml | 0.6 |
| BLOOD GLUCOSE - mg/100ml | 62-175 |
| BLOOD UREA NITROGEN MG/DL | 12-28 |
| CREATININE MG/DL | 0.3-1 |
| TOTAL BILIRUBIN MG/DL | 0.1-0.9 |
| ALK.PHOSPHATASE i.u./L | 65 |
| BLOOD HEMATOCRIT % | 35-49 |
| BLOOD HEMOGLOBIN g/100ml | 10-20 |
| BLOOD RBC 106/mm3 | 7-12 |
| BLOOD PLATELETS 103/mm3 | 160-410 |
| BLOOD LEUCOCYTES % | 8/6-15 |
| BLOOD NEUTROPHILS % | 2/10-40 |
| BLOOD EOSINOPHILS % | 0.15/0.4 |
| BLOOD BASOPHILS % | 0.05/0-0.3 |
| BLOOD LYMPHOCYTES % | 5.5/55-95 |
| BLOOD MONOCYTES % | 0.3/3.5 |
| FEED DAILY gm/kg | 15g/100g |
| WATER | 15ml/100g |
| ROOM TEMPERATURE C | 25 |
| ROOM HUMIDITY % | 45-55 |
| ROOM LIGHT HOURS/DAY | 10-12 |
| WEIGHT ADULT MALE gm | 20-40 |
| WEIGHT ADULT FEMALE gm | 25-40 |
| WEIGHT AT BIRTH gm | 1.5 |
| BREEDING AGE-MALE DAYS | 50 |
| BREADING AGE-FEMALE DAYS | 50-60 |
| ESTRUS CYCLE DAYS | 4-5 |
| GESTATION DAYS | 17-21 |
| WEANING AGE DAYS | 16-28 |
| LITTER SIZE | 1-23 |
| BREEDING AFTER PARTURITION | IMMED. |
| BREEDING LIFE-MALE YEARS | 0.9-1.5 |
| BREEDING LIFE-FEMALE | 6-120 litters |
| BREEDING/MATING DATA MALE | 1/3 |
| MILK FAT % | 12.1 |
| MILK LACTOSE % | 3.2 |
| MILK PROTEIN % | 9 |
| BODY SURFACE AREA CM2 | 10.5 |
| DIPLOID NUMBER KARYOTYPE | 40 |
| LIFE SPAN YEARS | 1.5-3 |
| GI TRANSITION TIME HOURS | 8-14 |
| CAGE SIZE L X W X H | 15 in2 X 5 in |
| Data is from many sources and is meant only as a quick reference. Figures are from Harkness, "The Biology and Medicine of Rabbits and Rodents" Text is mostly from Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences. | |
| Anesthesia/Analgesia | Anticholinergic | Antiparasitic | Euthanasia |
| Anti-inflammatory | Antibiotics | Miscellaneous | Notes |
| Dose | Comments Back to Top | |
|
ACETAMINOPHEN (TYLENOL) |
1-2 MG/ML DW (14) // 300 MG/KG IP |
NONSTEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY, ANALGESIC |
|
ACETHYLSALICYLICATE ACID (ASPIRIN) |
120-300 MG/KG PO OR 100-150 MG/KG PO q4h (14) // 25 IP/20 SC/120 PO MG/KG Q4H(2) |
NONSTEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY, ANALGESIC |
|
ACETYLPROMAZINE (ACEPROMAZINE) - DOSAGE |
0.5-1.0 MG/KG IM (14) // 1-2 MG/KG IM |
TRANQUILIZER-PHENOTHIAZINE |
|
BUPIVACAINE (MARCAINE) |
AS NEEDED |
LOCAL ANESTHETIC |
|
BUPRENORPHINE (BUPRENEX) |
0.05-0.1 MG/KG IP (1)12//2 MG/KG SC (1) Q12H (2)/(4) 0.05-2.5 MG/KG SC, IP q6-12h (14) (USE 0.05) |
NARCOTIC AGONIST-ANTAGONIST V |
|
BUTORPHANOL (STADOL OR TORBUTROL) |
1.5 MG/KG SC q2-4h (14) // 5.4 MG/KG SC (1) |
NARCOTIC AGONIST-ANTAGONIST V |
|
DIAZAPAM (VALIUM) |
5 MG/KG IP // 3-5 MG/KG IM (14) |
TRANQUILIZER - BENZODIAZEPINE IV |
|
DIAZAPAM - DURATION TO EFFECT |
1-2 HOURS |
TRANQUILIZER - BENZODIAZEPINE IV |
|
DIAZAPAM - TIME TO EFFECT |
1-2 MIN |
TRANQUILIZER - BENZODIAZEPINE IV |
|
FENTANYL/DROPERIDOL (INNOVAR-VET)-DOSAGE |
0.3-0.5 ML/KG IM (14) // 2-5 ML/KG (4) |
NEUROLEPTANALGESIC, NARCOTIC/BUTYROPHENONE TRANQUILIZER II |
|
FENTANYL/ DROPERDOL - DURATION EFFECT |
15-20 MIN |
NEUROLEPTANALGESIC, NARCOTIC/BUTYROPHENONE TRANQUILIZER II |
|
FENTANYL/DROPERIDOL - TIME TO EFFECT |
2 MIN |
NEUROLEPTANALGESIC, NARCOTIC/BUTYROPHENONE TRANQUILIZER II |
|
FENTANYL/DROPERIDOL/DIAZEPAM-DOSE |
5 MG/KG DIAZEPAM IP 1ST,/FOLLOWED BY 0.1 ML/30G IP OF 1:10 SALINE DILUTION INNOVAR (1) |
NEUROLEPTANALGESIC, NARCOTIC/BUTYROPHENONE TRANQUILIZER, BUTYROPHENONE II |
| IBUPROFEN | 7-15 MG/KG PO q4h (14) | ANTI-INFLAMMATORY, ANALGESIA |
|
KETAMINE (KETASET, VETALAR) - DOSAGE |
44 MG/KG IM (14) // 100-200 MG/KG IM (1) |
DISSOCIATIVE |
|
KETAMINE-ACEPROMAZINE |
100/2.5 MG/KG IM (1)/ (2) |
DISSOCIATIVE/TRANQUILIZER |
|
KETAMINE-DIAZEPAM (VALIUM) |
200 IM/5 IP MG/KG (1)/ (2) |
DISSOCIATIVE/TRANQUILIZER |
|
KETAMINE-XYLAZINE (ROMPUN) |
50/5 MG/KG IP (14) // 200 IM/10 IP MG/KG (1)/ (2) |
DISSOCIATIVE/ANALGESIC |
|
MEPERIDINE (DEMEROL) |
20 MG/KG IM SC (14) (1) Q2-3H |
NARCOTIC II, ANALGESIC |
|
METHOHEXITAL (BREVITAL/BREVANE) |
6 MG/KG IV (2) |
ULTRA SHORT BARBITURATE IV |
|
MORPHINE |
2-5 MG./KG SC q2-5h (14) // 10 MG/KG IM SC (1) Q2-4H (2) |
NARCOTIC II, ANALGESIC |
|
NALBUPHINE (NUBAIN) |
4-8 MG/KG IM q3h (14) |
NARCOTIC AGONIST-ANTAGONISTS ANALGESIC |
|
OXYMORPHONE (NUMORPHAN) DOSAGE |
0.2-0.5 MG/KG SC IM q6-12h (14) |
NARCOTIC II, ANALGESIC |
|
PENTAZOCINE (TALWIN-V) |
10 MG/KG SC q2-4h (14)(2) IM IV Q3-4H (2) |
NON-NARCOTIC ANALGESIC IV |
|
PENTOBARBITAL Na (NEMBUTAL) |
40 MG/KG IV IP SEDATION /50-90 MG/KG IP SURG. ANEST.(14) (1)/ (4) |
BARBITURATE SHORT II, SEDATION, ANESTHETIC (NOT RECOMMENDED -MARGINAL ANALGESIA (14)) |
|
PHENYLBUTAZONE (BUTAZOLDIN) |
150 MG/KG IP (7) |
NONSTEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY |
|
PROCAINE (NOVOCAIN) |
NEVER |
ANESTHETIC LOCAL |
|
PROPOFOL (RAPINOVET) |
12-26 MG/KG IV (14) |
ANESTHETIC |
|
THIAMYLAL (SURITAL) |
20-50 MG/KG IV IP//25-50 IV (4) |
BARBITURATE ULTRA SHORT III |
|
THIOPENTAL (PENTOTHAL) |
30-40 MG/KG IV (2) ONLY (1) //25-50 IV (4) |
BARBITURATE ULTRA SHORT III |
|
TILETAMINE/ ZOLAZEPAM (TELAZOL) 50MG BASE/ML |
100-160 MG/KG IP IM (1) |
DISSOCIATE/TRANQUILIZER III |
|
TRIBROMOETHANOL (AVERTIN) (0.25%) |
125 MG/KG IP (1)/0.25% (2) |
ANESTHETIC |
|
XYLAZINE (ROMPUN)- DOSAGE |
4-8 MG/KG IM |
ALPHA-2-ADRENERGIC AGONIST SEDATIVE, ANALGESIC, MUSCLE RELAXANT |
|
YOHIMBINE. (YOBINE) |
0.5-1.0 MG/KG IV (14) |
XYLAZINE REVERSAL |
|
ANESTHETIC GAS |
Dose | Comments Back to Top |
|
HALOTHANE - MAC |
TO EFFECT |
INHALANT |
|
ISOFLURANE - MAC |
TO EFFECT |
INHALANT |
|
METHOXYFLURANE - MAC |
TO EFFECT |
INHALANT |
|
NITROUS OXIDE-MAC |
TO EFFECT |
INHALANT |
| Dose | Comments Back to Top | |
|
DEXAMETHASONE (AZIUM) |
0.06 MG SC IM IV IP |
STEROID |
|
PREDNISONE (METICORTIN) |
0.05-0.22 MG SC IM |
STEROID |
| Dose | Comments Back to Top | |
| AMIKACIN | 2-5 MG/KG SC. IM q8-12h(14) | ANTIBIOTIC |
|
AMOXICILLIN |
100 MG/KG SC IM Q12H(2) |
ANTIBIOTIC |
|
AMPICILLIN (POLYFLEX) |
20-100 MG/KG PO, SC, IM q12h (14) // 50-150 MG/KG SC Q12H(2) // OR 30 MG/KG IM Q24H (4.5 MG/30 MG)(3) |
BETA LACTAM ANTIBIOTIC |
|
BACITRACIN |
TOPICAL |
ANTIBIOTIC |
| CARBENICILLIN | 100 MG/KG PO q12h (14) | |
|
CEPHALORIDINE (LORIDINE) |
10-25 MG/KG SC, IM q24h (14) |
BETA LACTAM ANTIBIOTIC |
|
CHLORAMPHENICOL PALMITATE (CHLOROMYCETIN) |
DW 0.5 MG/ML(3)(14) |
BACTERIAL STATIC BROAD SPEC. |
|
CHLORAMPHENICOL SUCCINATE (CHLOROMYCETIN) |
50-200 MG/KG PO q8h OR 30-50 MG/KG SC, IM q24h (14) // 50 MG/KG IM Q12H(2) // OR Q24H (1.5 MG/30 GM)(3) |
BACTERIAL STATIC BROAD SPEC. |
|
DIHYDROSTREPTOMYCIN |
NEVER |
BACTERIAL |
| DOXYCYCLINE | 2.5MG/KG PO q12h (14) | PNEUMONIA, NOT IN YOUNG OR PREGNANT |
| ENROFLOXACIN | 25-85 MG/KG q24h X 14 DAYS OR 0.05-0.20 MG/ML DW X 14 DAYS(14) | PASTEURELLOSIS |
|
ERYTHROMYCIN |
20 MG/KG PO (14) |
BACTERIAL |
|
GENTAMICIN (GENTOCIN) |
5 MG/KG SC, IM q24h (14) // 5 MG/KG SC IM SID (0.15 MG/30GM) (3)14D |
AMINOGLYCOSIDES |
|
GRISEOFULVIN (FULVICIN U/F) |
25-50 MG/KG PO q12h X 14-60 DAYS (14) // 75 MG/KG PO SID 14D// OR 60 MG/KG PO IN FOOD(3) |
ANTIFUNGAL |
| KETOCONAZOLE | 10-40 MG/KG PO q24h X 14 DAYS | SYSTEMIC MYCOSES, CANDIDIASIS |
|
NEOMYCIN (BIOSOL) |
50 MG/KG SC q24h (14) // 2.6 MG/ML DW (14) |
DIARRHEA |
|
OXYTETRACYCLINE (LIQUAMYCIN) |
0.4 MG/ML DW(3)(14) // 100 MG/KG SC Q12H(2)// 10-20 MG/KG PO q8h (14) |
BACTERIAL STATIC BROAD SPEC. |
|
PENICILLIN PROCAINE (AZIMYCIN) |
NEVER |
BACTERIAL |
|
STREPTOMYCIN (BIOTEC) |
NEVER |
BACTERIAL |
| SULFADIMETHAXINE | 10-15 MG/KG PO q12h (14) | |
|
SULFAMERAZINE |
1 MG/ML DW (14) // 1 MG/4G FEED (14) |
BACT. COCCIDIA, CIT,B |
| SULFAMETHAZINE | 1 MG/ML DW (14) | |
|
SULFAQUINOXALINE (SULQUIN) |
1MG/ML DW (14) // 0.025% 30days |
EIMERIA, KLOS. PAST. |
|
TETRACYCLINES |
100 MG/KG SC SID (3 MG/30 GM)(3) // DW 3 MG/ML(3) |
BACTERIAL STATIC BROAD SPEC//FROG RED LEG |
|
TRIMETHOPRIM (40MG/ML)/SULPHADOXINE (200MG/ML) (TRIBRISSEN) |
30 MG/KG PO, SC, IM a12h (14) // 0.5 ML/KG SC Q12H(2) |
TRIMETHOPRIM / SULPHONAMIDE |
|
TYLOSIN |
0.5 MG/ML DW (14) // 10 MG/KG PO, SC, IM q24h (14) // 2-5 MG/ML DW10 MG/KG SC Q12H(2) // OR (0.3 MG/KG GM) IM(3) |
MACROLIDES |
| Dose | Comments Back to Top | |
|
ATROPINE - DOSAGE |
0.04 MG/KG SC IM(2)/(3)(14) |
ANTICHOLINERGIC |
|
ATROPINE - DURATION EFFECT |
25 MIN |
ANTICHOLINERGIC |
|
ATROPINE - TIME TO EFFECT |
10MIN |
ANTICHOLINERGIC |
| Dose | Comments Back to Top | |
|
DICHLORVOS (TASK) |
250-500 MG/KG FOOD 1D |
ECTOPARASITIC-SYPH, HETER |
|
DICHLORVOS (VOPONA STRIPS) |
STRIP 48H/WK//OR1 OVER CAGE 24 H/W(3) // Suspend 15 cm above cage x 24 hr, then 2 x /wk x 3 wk (14) |
ECTOPARASITIC |
| DIMETRIDAZOLE | 1 MG/ML DW (14) | GASTROINTESTINAL PROTOZOA |
|
DITHIAZANINE IODINE |
0.1 MG/KG FOOD 7D |
SYPH. HETER. STRONG.TR |
| FENBENDAZOLE | 0.3% FEED X 14 DAYS (14) // 20 (50 FOR GIARDIASIS) MG/KG PO X 5 DAYS (14) | CESTODES, PINWORMS, GIARDIASIS |
|
FIPRONIL (FRONTLINE) |
7.5 MG/KG TOP q30-60d (14) |
FLEA ADULTCIDE |
|
IVERMECTIN (IVOMEC) |
0.2 MG/KG PO, SC q7d X 3 WK (14) // 8 MG/L DW X 4 D/WK X 5 WK (14) // 200 MCG/KG PO SC(3) |
MITE, PINWORMS |
|
MEBENDAZOLE (TELMIN) |
10 MG/KG PO 5D(3) |
NEMATODIASIS COSMOCE |
|
METRONIDAZOLE (FLAGYL) |
15 MG/KG IP 1X |
GIARDIA |
|
NICLOSAMIDE (YOMESAN) |
100 MG/KG PO(3) |
CESTODES-HYMENOLEPSIS |
|
PIPERAZINE CITRATE |
2-5 MG/ML DW X 7 DAYS, OFF 7 DAY, REPEAT (14) // 100 MG/KG PO(3) // 16GM/GAL WATER + 200 ML KARO SYRUP SIDX3, REPEAT IN 2 WKS (8) |
ANTI-NEMATODES-SYPHACIA & HET & PINWORMS |
| PRAZIQUANTEL | 6-10 MG/KG PO (14) // 30 MG/KG PO q14d X 3 TX (14) | CESTODES |
|
PYRVINIUM PAMOATE |
1.6 MG/KG/D 30D |
SYPH. HETER.ENTEROBIU |
| SULFADIMETHOXINE | 10-15 MG/KG PO q12h (14) | COCCIDIOSIS |
|
SULFAMERAZINE |
1 MG/ML DW (14) |
EIMERIA/COCCIDIOSIS |
|
THIABENDAZOLE (TBZ; OMIZOLE) |
1 MG/ML DW (14) // 100 MG/KG PO q24h X 5D(14)(3) |
COCCIDIOSIS/ASCARIDIASIS |
| Dose | Comments Back to Top | |
| ATROPINE | 20-40 MG/ANIMAL PO (14) | ANTICHOLINERGIC |
| DEXAMETHASONE | 0.5-2.0 MG/KG PO, SC, DECREASE DOSE q12h X 3-14 DAYS (14) | ANTI-INFLAMMATORY |
| DOXAPRAM | 5-10 MG/KG IP, IV (14) | RESPIRATORY STIMULANT |
| FUROSEMIDE | 5-10 MG/KG SC, IM q12h (14) | DIURETIC/PULMONARY CONGESTION/ASCITES |
| LACTATED RINGER'S SOLUTION | 50-100 ML/KG SC, IV, IO q12h (14) | MAINTENANCE FLUID |
| LOPERAMIDE (IMODIUM A-D) | 0.1 MG/KG PO q8h X 3 DAYS THEN q24h X 2 DAYS (GIVEN IN 1.0 ML WATER)(14) | DIARRHEA |
|
OXYTOCIN |
0.2-3 UNITS/KG SC IM IV (14)(9) |
DELAYED PARTURITION, UTERINE/MILK HORM. |
| PREDNISONE | 0.5-2.2 MG/KG SC IM (14) | ANTI-INFLAMMATORY |
| VITAMIN B COMPLEX | 0.02-0.20 ML/KG SC IM (14) | |
| VITAMIN D | 200-400 IU/KG SC IM (14) | |
| VITAMIN E/SELENIUM | 0.1ML/100-250 G SC (14) | |
| VITAMIN K1 | 1-10 MG/KG IM q214h X 4-6 DAYS (14) | WARFARIN POISONING |
| EUTHANASIA | Dose | Comments Back to Top |
| Sodium pentobarbital | 150 mg/kg IP | Controlled substance |
| Halothane | To effect | High Concentration, Rapid flow, High flow rates may initially frighten the animal, If a chamber is used Animal should not come into contact with liquid, Animals should not be overcrowded, Animals should be compatible |
| Isoflurane | To effect | High Concentration, Rapid flow, High flow rates may initially frighten the animal, If a chamber is used Animal should not come into contact with liquid, Animals should not be overcrowded, Animals should be compatible |
| CO2 | To effect | No breathing, no heart beat/pulse, no response to toe/ear pinch for at least 2 minutes, Must use a gas cylinder |
| CO | To effect | No breathing, no heart beat/pulse, no response to toe/ear pinch for at least 2 minutes, Very hazardous, Must use a gas cylinder |
| Potassium chloride | 1-2 mmol/kg IV or Intracardiac | Requires general anesthesia |
| Cervical dislocation | Conditionally acceptable | Requires another method |
| Decapitation | Conditionally acceptable | Requires another method |
| Chloral hydrate | Unacceptable | |
| Abbreviations Back to Top | ||
|
(1) =
Anesthesia and Analgesia in Laboratory Animals: American College of
Laboratory Animal Medicine: 1990 |
EOD =
Every Other Day SID = Once a day BID = Twice a day (generally every 12 hours) TID = Three times a day (every 8 hours) QID = Four times a day (every 6 hours) Q?H = Every ? hours IM = Intramuscular injection IP = Intraperitoneal injection SC or SQ = Subcutaneous injection IV = Intravenous injection PO = Per Os (By Mouth) (Orally) DW = Drinking water 3DX4 = 3 days of treatment, repeated 4 times |
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